The Address Resolution Protocol helps map IP addresses to physical machine addresses (or a MAC address for Ethernet) recognized in the local network. A table called an ARP cache is used to maintain a correlation between each IP address and its corresponding MAC address. ARP offers the rules to make these correlations, and helps convert addresses in both directions.
Advantages
- MAC addresses need not be known or memorized, as the ARP cache
contains all the MAC addresses and maps them automatically with IPs.
Disadvantages
- ARP is susceptible to security attacks called ARP spoofing attacks.
- When using ARP, sometimes a hacker might be able to stop the
traffic altogether. This is also known as ARP denial-of-services.
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